This issue has been solved since mid of 2016.
$\ce{0.5H2O}$
renders as $\ce{0.5H2O}$.
Short background: MathJax is NOT LaTeX. MathJax is a complete re-implementation of LaTeX using the same input syntax. Almost the same, with fine differences. The same applied to mhchem. The behavior of LaTeX/mhchem (written by me) was re-created for MathJax (by the MathJax guys, missing some fine details and further development of the original package). Linking to the LateX documentation might have increased the confusion. Mid of 2016, a new version of MathJax/mhchem (written by me) was published and is since used here. This lead to a few small changes. 0.5H2O
working being one, staggered charges (as in IUPAC style) being another.
Do we keep such questions for the archive? Should we mark them as 'solved'? Do we delete them because they do not apply any more?
mhchem
V3.15 inpdflatex
works the way it should. Here on SE using Chromium 41.0.2272.76 8 and Firefox 36.0.4 MathJax seems to have a lot of hiccups lately. $\endgroup$