Sandbox II has become as clogged as Sandbox I was (and is), especially for users with 10,000 reputation or above. So, here is a new new post...
Before you delete a post here, please reduce it to one line without MathJax.
Old formatting sandboxes:
Sandbox II has become as clogged as Sandbox I was (and is), especially for users with 10,000 reputation or above. So, here is a new new post...
Before you delete a post here, please reduce it to one line without MathJax.
Old formatting sandboxes:
Chemistry is an experimental science first and foremost, and this is especially true of synthetic chemistry, whether organic or inorganic.
What this means is that: we don't come up with theories from first principles, then use them to predict reactions. [We're getting better at doing this using quantum mechanics, but it's still very early days.] Instead, we find out that a reaction happens, and then we work backwards to come up with a model that explains it.
The ultimate source of "truth" in chemistry is not defined by our theories, but rather by our experimental observations. The theories only exist because they can explain experimental evidence.
[Incidentally, that's why there are so many exceptions to the theories. Many of them have a limited range of validity, in that they can only explain a certain subset of the experimental observations we have. A simple example is the octet rule. It works for quite a lot of organic molecules, but can completely fall apart in other contexts.]
So, asking "why does this reaction occur?" is only sensible if that reaction has actually occurred!
If nobody has done it before in real life, then we have no way of knowing whether it would actually occur. And secondly, if it doesn't actually occur and we come up with a theory to explain it, then there is no guarantee that that theory would be correct.
This table is indexed alphabetically in the first column. Please feel free to add to it.
The second column contains a link to the appropriate Wikipedia page.
Wrong | Correct | Remarks |
---|---|---|
Breddts | Bredt’s [rule] | Julius Bredt. |
carbonation | carbocation | Carbonation is what you do to make fizzy drinks. |
Clemenson | Clemmensen [reduction] | Erik Christian Clemmensen. |
die | dye | “Die” is only for “die Farbstoffe”. Or the singular of “dice”. |
Diel's Adler | Diels–Alder [reaction] | Otto Paul Hermann Diels; Kurt Alder. |
fajan's | Fajans’ [rules] | Kazimierz Fajans |
flourine | fluorine | |
Friedel–Craft's | Friedel–Crafts | The guy's name was James Crafts, not James Craft. |
gasses | gases | One outgasses gases. |
Gibb's | Gibbs [energy] | Josiah Willard Gibbs. |
Henderson–Hasselbach | Henderson–Hasselbalch [equation] | Lawrence Joseph Henderson; Karl Albert Hasselbalch. |
iconic | ionic [bond] | |
morality | molarity | The moral of this story is that only people can be moral or amoral. |
Nerst | Nernst [equation] | Walther Hermann Nernst. |
phosphorous | phosphorus | This refers to the element (as a noun, not adjective). See also next entry. |
phosphorus acid | phosphorous acid | This refers to the acid $\ce{H3PO3}$. See also previous entry. |
pie | pi/π [bond] | Pie bonding is for SeasonedAdvice.SE. |
seperation | separation [process] | “Seperate” is not even an English word. |
stigma | sigma/σ [bond] | Stigma bonding is for Christianity.SE or MedicalSciences.SE. |
Tollen's | Tollens’ [reagent] | Bernhard Tollens. |
Vander-Wal's, Van der walls | van der Waals [force] | Johannes Diderik van der Waals. Note it's lowercase “v”. |
Vant-hoff | van 't Hoff [equation] | Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff. |
Temporary place to get answers and such put together. Everything I post here will be deleted in a couple of days or so. A tidy sandbox is a good sandbox!
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$h=\frac{I_{\text{const}}\cdot R_{\text{ref}}(1+\alpha\Delta T)}{A_{\text{filament}}(T-T_{\text{flow}})}$
The following are the definitions of 'mole' represented in the form of equations:
(1) Number of moles of molecules $=\frac{\text { weight in } g}{\text { molecular weight }}$
(2) Number of moles of atoms $=\frac{\text { weight in } \mathrm{g}}{\text { atomic weight }}$
(3) Number of moles of gases $=\frac{\text { volume at NTP }}{\text { standard molar volume }}$ (Standard molar volume is the volume occupied by 1 mole of any gas at NTP, which is equal to $22.4$ litres.)
(4) Number of moles of atoms / molecules / ions / electrons $=\frac{\text { no. of atoms } / \text { molecules } / \text { ions } / \text { electrons }}{\text { Avogadro constant }}$
(5) Number of moles of solute $=$ molarity $\times$ volume of solution in litres or no. of millimoles = molarity $\times$ volume in $\mathrm{mL}$.
$\frac{\text { Millimoles }}{1000}=$ moles
(6) For a compound $\mathrm{M}_{\mathrm{x}} \mathrm{N}_{\mathrm{y}}, x$ moles of $\mathrm{N}=y$ moles of $\mathrm{M}$
Substance | $\Delta H^\circ_\mathrm{f}$ / $\pu{kJ mol-1}$ | $\Delta G^\circ_\mathrm{f}$ / $\pu{kJ mol-1}$ | $S^\circ_\mathrm{f}$ / $\pu{J mol-1 K-1}$ |
---|---|---|---|
$\ce{CH4(g)}$ | $-75$ | $-51$ | $186$ |
$\ce{CO(g)}$ | $-111$ | $-137$ | $198$ |
$\ce{CO2(g)}$ | $-394$ | $-394$ | $214$ |
$\ce{H2O(l)}$ | $-286$ | $-237$ | $70$ |
$\ce{H2O(g)}$ | $-242$ | $-229$ | $189$ |
$\ce{O(g) }$ | $249$ | $232$ | $161$ |
$\ce{O2(g) }$ | $0$ | $0$ | $205$ |
$\ce{O3(g) }$ | $143$ | $163$ | $239$ |
$\ce{H2(g)}$ | $0$ | $0$ | $131$ |
$\ce{C(s)}$ | $0$ | $0$ | $6$ |
$-75$
, that will automatically use minus signs and also makes the font a bit more consistent throughout.
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Apr 19, 2022 at 12:24
|--:|
and, if applicable, round them up to the same decimal point so that one can easily visually compare the values. Also, I think missing values are better denoted with "NA" rather than with an em dash, and a slash serves a better (and mathematically correct) separator for quantity symbols and units in a header.
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$$ \begin{comment} Commented code \end{comment} $$
$%comment$
would render better. It doesn't exist in MathJax from what I see.
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Oct 26, 2022 at 15:30
$%<Comment>$
"<>" renders in answers but not in comments?
Comment to Avogadro's post here. Worked in my comments
I've noticed references to the $(k)$ for the saponification reaction above to be about $$\frac{6}{M\hspace{5 pt}min}$$ or slower. Which would mean at 0.1 M concentrations, while the reaction happens faster, it could still be observed. We could further this ability by decreasing the temperature further as well.
$\pu{6 M-1 min-1}$
$\pu{6 M-1 min-1}$ to get the units upright correctly -- there's also the MathJax faq which gives a nice bunch of examples chemistry.meta.stackexchange.com/q/86/16683.
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Oct 24, 2022 at 15:12
mhchem
plugin. I'm definitely trying to drink water from a firehose when it comes to learning LaTeX and mhchem all at once! :-) Thank you @orthocresol.
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Oct 24, 2022 at 15:18
$\mathrm{M}^{-1}$
would give you $\mathrm{M}^{-1}$. To typeset the whole quantity correctly, with just built-in commands, you'd need something like $6~\mathrm{M}^{-1}~\mathrm{min}^{-1}$
$6~\mathrm{M}^{-1}~\mathrm{min}^{-1}$. The \pu
command is basically syntactic sugar for this. (Though, if it was an actual LaTeX document, most people would recommend the siunitx
package... that's an entirely different story!)
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Oct 24, 2022 at 15:41